The composition and functions of Parliament shall be as prescribed by this Constitution.

Subject to this Constitution, the term of Parliament shall be five years from the date of its first sitting after a general election.

Where there exists a state of war or a state of emergency which would prevent a normal general election from being held, Parliament may, by resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of all members of Parliament, extend the life of Parliament for a period not exceeding six months at a time.

Article 77 establishes Uganda’s Parliament, its five-year term, and conditions for extending its term during emergencies.

members directly elected to represent constituencies;

one woman representative for every district;

such numbers of representatives of the army, youth, workers, persons with disabilities and other groups as Parliament may determine; and

the Vice President and Ministers, who, if not already elected members of Parliament, shall be ex officio members of Parliament without the right to vote on any issue requiring a vote in Parliament.

Upon the expiration of a period of ten years after the commencement of this Constitution and thereafter, every five years, Parliament shall review the representation under clause (1)(b) and (c) of this Article for the purposes of retaining, increasing or abolishing any such representation and any other matter incidental to it.

The representatives referred to in clause (1)(a) of this Article shall be elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage and by secret ballot.

Parliament shall, by law, prescribe the procedure for elections of representatives referred to in clause (1)(b) and (c) of this Article.

Article 78 outlines Parliament’s diverse composition, including elected members, women representatives, and special groups, with periodic reviews.

Article 78 Clause 1 Subclause a

Article 78 Clause 1 Subclause b

Article 78 Clause 1 Subclause c

Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall have power to make laws on any matter for the peace, order, development and good governance of Uganda.

Except as provided in this Constitution, no person or body other than Parliament shall have power to make provisions having the force of law in Uganda except under authority conferred by an Act of Parliament.

Parliament shall protect this Constitution and promote the democratic governance of Uganda.

Article 79 grants Parliament law-making powers and mandates it to protect the Constitution and democracy.

has completed a minimum formal education of Advanced Level standard or its equivalent which shall be established in a manner and at a time prescribed by Parliament by law.

A person is qualified to be a member of Parliament if that person—

is holding or acting in an office the functions of which involve a responsibility for or in connection with the conduct of an election;

is a traditional or cultural leader as defined in Article 246(6) of this Constitution;

has been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in Uganda and has not been discharged;

is under a sentence of death or a sentence of imprisonment exceeding nine months imposed by any competent court without the option of a fine;

has, within the seven years immediately preceding the election, been convicted by a competent court of a crime involving dishonesty or moral turpitude; or

has, within the seven years immediately preceding the election, been convicted by a competent court of an offence under any law relating to elections conducted by the Electoral Commission.

A person is not qualified for election as a member of Parliament if that person—

Under the movement political system, a person elected to Parliament while he or she is a member of a local government council or holds a public office shall resign the office before assuming the office of a member of Parliament.

Under the multiparty political system, a public officer or a person employed in any government department or agency of the government or an employee of a local government or any body in which the government has controlling interest, who wishes to stand in a general election as a member of Parliament shall resign his or her office at least ninety days before nomination day.

Article 80 lists qualifications for MPs, disqualifications (e.g., criminal convictions, bankruptcy), and resignation rules for public officers.

For the purposes of this Article, “traditional leader or cultural leader” means a king or similar traditional leader or cultural leader by whatever name called, who derives allegiance from the fact of birth or descent in accordance with the customs, traditions, usage or consent of the people led by that traditional or cultural leader.

Article 246 Clause 6

Qualifications and disqualifications of members of Parliament

<del>A general election of members of Parliament shall be held within thirty days before the expiration of the term of Parliament.</del>

Whenever a vacancy occurs in Parliament, the Clerk to Parliament shall notify the Electoral Commission in writing within ten days after the vacancy has occurred; and a by-election shall be held within sixty days after the Electoral Commission has received notification of the vacancy from the Clerk to Parliament.

the registrar of the court shall transmit to the Clerk to Parliament a copy of the judgment of the court within ten days after the declaration; and

the Clerk to Parliament shall notify the Electoral Commission in writing of the vacancy within ten days after receiving the judgment from the registrar of the court.

Where the seat of a member of Parliament is declared vacant by a court—

Notwithstanding clause (2) of this Article, a by-election shall not be held within six months before the holding of a general election of Parliament.

Every person elected to Parliament shall take and subscribe the oath of allegiance and the oath of member of Parliament specified in the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution.

Except for the purpose of taking the oaths referred to in clause (4) of this Article, no person shall sit or vote in Parliament before taking and subscribing the oaths.

Article 81 covers by-election procedures, vacancy declarations, and oath requirements for MPs.

Article 81 Clause 2

Article 81 Clause 4

There shall be a Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Parliament.

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall each, before assuming the duties of office, take and subscribe the oath of Speaker or Deputy Speaker specified in the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution.

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be elected by members of Parliament from among their number.

A person shall not be qualified to be elected a Speaker or Deputy Speaker if he or she is a Vice President or a Minister.

Subject to Article 81(4) of this Constitution, no business shall be transacted in Parliament other than an election to the office of Speaker at any time that office is vacant.

The Chief Justice or a judge designated by the Chief Justice shall preside at an election of a Speaker, and the Speaker shall preside at an election of the Deputy Speaker.

An election to the office of Deputy Speaker shall be held at the first sitting of Parliament after that office becomes vacant.

if he or she is appointed to any public office;

if he or she resigns his or her office by writing signed by him or her addressed to the Clerk to Parliament;

if he or she ceases to be a member of Parliament; or

if he or she is removed by resolution of Parliament supported by not less than two-thirds of all members of Parliament.

The Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall vacate his or her office—

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall receive such salaries, allowances and gratuities as may be prescribed by Parliament.

The salaries, allowances and gratuities of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.

Article 82 details the election, roles, removal, and benefits of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

if he or she resigns his or her office in writing signed by him or her and addressed to the Speaker;

if such circumstances arise that if that person were not a member of Parliament would cause that person to be disqualified for election as a member of Parliament under Article 80 of this Constitution;

subject to the provisions of this Constitution, upon dissolution of Parliament;

if that person is absent from fifteen sittings of Parliament without permission in writing of the Speaker during any period when Parliament is continuously meeting and is unable to offer satisfactory explanation to the relevant parliamentary committee for his or her absence;

if that person is found guilty by the appropriate tribunal of violation of the Leadership Code of Conduct and the punishment imposed is or includes the vacation of the office of a member of Parliament;

if recalled by the electorate in his or her constituency in accordance with this Constitution;

if that person leaves the political party for which he or she stood as a candidate for election to Parliament to join another party or to remain in Parliament as an independent member;

if, having been elected to Parliament as an independent candidate, that person joins a political party;

if that person is appointed a public officer.

A member of Parliament shall vacate his or her seat in Parliament—

Notwithstanding clause (1)(g) and (h) of this Article, membership of a coalition government of which his or her original political party forms part shall not affect the status of any member of Parliament.

Clause (1)(g) and (h) shall not apply to an independent member joining a political party or political organisation or a member leaving one political party or organisation to join another political party or organisation or become an independent member within twelve months before the end of the term of Parliament to participate in activities or programmes of a political party or political organisation relating to a general election.

Parliament shall by law, prescribe the grounds and procedure that every political party or organisation must follow before terminating a person’s membership to a political party or organisation.

The provisions of clauses (1)(g) and (h) and (2) of this Article shall only apply during any period when the multiparty system of government is in operation.

Article 83 lists reasons MPs must leave office, including resignation, disqualification, and party changes, with exceptions for coalitions and election periods.

Article 80

Article 83 Clause 1 Subclause g

Article 83 Clause 1 Subclause h

Notwithstanding clause (1)(g) and (h) of this Article, membership of a coalition government of which his or her original political party forms part shall not affect the status of any member of Parliament.

Article 83 Clause 2

Tenure of office of members of Parliament

Subject to the provisions of this Article, the electorate of any constituency and of any interest group referred to in Article 78 of this Constitution have the right to recall their member of Parliament before the expiry of the term of Parliament.

physical or mental incapacity rendering that member incapable of performing the functions of the office;

misconduct or misbehaviour likely to bring hatred, ridicule, contempt or disrepute to the office; or

persistent deserting of the electorate without reasonable cause.

A member of Parliament may be recalled from that office on any of the following grounds—

The recall of a member of Parliament shall be initiated by a petition in writing setting out the grounds relied on and signed by at least two-thirds of the registered voters of the constituency or of the interest group referred to in clause (1) of this Article, and shall be delivered to the Speaker.

On receipt of the petition referred to in clause (3) of this Article, the Speaker shall within seven days require the Electoral Commission to conduct a public inquiry into the matters alleged in the petition, and the Electoral Commission shall expeditiously conduct the necessary inquiry and report its findings to the Speaker.

declare the seat vacant, if the Electoral Commission reports that it is satisfied from the inquiry, with the genuineness of the petition; or

declare immediately that the petition was unjustified, if the Commission reports that it is not satisfied with the genuineness of the petition.

Subject to the provisions of clauses (2), (3), (4) and (5) of this Article, Parliament shall by law prescribe the procedure to be followed for the recall of a member of Parliament.

The right to recall a member of Parliament shall only exist while the movement political system is in operation.

Article 84 allows voters to recall MPs for incapacity, misconduct, or neglect, with procedures for petitions and investigations.

Article 78

Subject to the provisions of this Article, the electorate of any constituency and of any interest group referred to in Article 78 of this Constitution have the right to recall their member of Parliament before the expiry of the term of Parliament.

Article 84 Clause 1

Article 84 Clause 2

The recall of a member of Parliament shall be initiated by a petition in writing setting out the grounds relied on and signed by at least two-thirds of the registered voters of the constituency or of the interest group referred to in clause (1) of this Article, and shall be delivered to the Speaker.

Article 84 Clause 3

On receipt of the petition referred to in clause (3) of this Article, the Speaker shall within seven days require the Electoral Commission to conduct a public inquiry into the matters alleged in the petition, and the Electoral Commission shall expeditiously conduct the necessary inquiry and report its findings to the Speaker.

Article 84 Clause 4

Article 84 Clause 5

A member of Parliament shall be paid such emoluments, such gratuity and pension, and shall be provided with such facilities, as may be determined by Parliament.

A member of Parliament shall not hold any office of profit or emolument likely to compromise his or her office.

Article 85 sets MPs’ salaries and benefits and prohibits them from holding conflicting paid positions.

a person has been validly elected a member of Parliament or the seat of a member of Parliament has become vacant; or

a person has been validly elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker or having been so elected, has vacated that office.

The High Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any question whether—

A person aggrieved by the determination of the High Court under this Article may appeal to the Court of Appeal.

the persons eligible to apply to the High Court for determination of any question under this Article; and

the circumstances and manner in which and the conditions upon which any such application may be made.

Parliament shall by law make provision with respect to—

Article 86 gives the High Court authority to decide on MP and Speaker elections, with appeals to the Court of Appeal.

There shall be a public officer designated Clerk to Parliament appointed by the President acting in accordance with the advice of the Public Service Commission.

There shall also be such other members of staff as may be necessary for the efficient discharge of the functions of Parliament.

The other staff referred to in clause (2) shall be public officers who shall, notwithstanding Articles 166 and 172, be appointed, disciplined and removed by the Parliamentary Commission subject to any law made by Parliament.

The salary, emoluments and gratuity of the staff of the Parliament shall be determined by Parliament subject to Article 93 of this Constitution.

Article 87 establishes the Clerk and staff of Parliament, their appointment, and salary regulations

Functions of the Public Service Commission

Article 166

Article 172

Article 87 Clause 2

Article 93

Clerk to Parliament and other staff of Parliament

The quorum of Parliament shall be prescribed by the rules of procedure of Parliament made under Article 94 of this Constitution.

For the avoidance of doubt, the rules of procedure of Parliament may prescribe different quorums for different purposes.

Article 87A creates the Parliamentary Commission, with its composition and functions to be determined by Parliament through law.

Article 94

Except as otherwise prescribed by this Constitution or any law consistent with this Constitution, any question proposed for decision of Parliament shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting in a manner prescribed by rules of procedure made by Parliament under Article 94 of this Constitution.

The person presiding in Parliament shall have neither an original nor a casting vote and if on any question before Parliament the votes are equally divided, the motion shall be lost.

Article 89 sets voting rules in Parliament, requiring a majority for decisions and no vote for the presiding officer

Parliament shall appoint committees necessary for the efficient discharge of its functions.

Parliament shall, by its rules of procedure, prescribe the powers, composition and functions of its committees.

may call any Minister or any person holding public office and private individuals to submit memoranda or appear before them to give evidence;

may co-opt any member of Parliament or employ qualified persons to assist them in the discharge of their functions;

shall have the powers of the High Court for—

In the exercise of their functions under this Article, committees of Parliament—

Article 90 establishes parliamentary committees, their powers, and their ability to summon witnesses and demand evidence.

Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the power of Parliament to make laws shall be exercised through bills passed by Parliament and assented to by the President.

A bill passed by Parliament shall, as soon as possible, be presented to the President for assent.

return the bill to Parliament with a request that the bill or a particular provision of it be reconsidered by Parliament; or

notify the Speaker in writing that he or she refuses to assent to the bill.

The President shall, within thirty days after a bill is presented to him or her—

Where a bill has been returned to Parliament under clause (3)(b) of this Article, Parliament shall reconsider it and if passed again, it shall be presented for a second time to the President for assent.

Where the President returns the same bill twice under clause (3)(b) of this Article and the bill is passed for the third time, with the support of at least two-thirds of all members of Parliament, the Speaker shall cause a copy of the bill to be laid before Parliament, and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.

refuses to assent to a bill under clause (3)(c) of this Article, Parliament may reconsider the bill and if passed, the bill shall be presented to the President for assent;

refuses to assent to a bill which has been reconsidered and passed under paragraph (a) or clause (4) of this Article, the Speaker shall, upon the refusal, if the bill was so passed with the support of at least two-thirds of all members of Parliament, cause a copy of the bill to be laid before Parliament, and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.

Where the President fails to do any of the acts specified in clause (3) of this Article within the period prescribed in that clause, the President shall be taken to have assented to the bill and at the expiration of that period, the Speaker shall cause a copy of the bill to be laid before Parliament and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.

A bill passed by Parliament and assented to by the President or which has otherwise become law under this Article shall be an Act of Parliament and shall be published in the Gazette.

Article 91 outlines how Parliament makes laws through bills, the President’s role in approving them, and the process for overriding a presidential refusal.

Article 91 Clause 3

Article 91 Clause 3 Subclause b

Article 91 Clause 3 Subclause c

Where a bill has been returned to Parliament under clause (3)(b) of this Article, Parliament shall reconsider it and if passed again, it shall be presented for a second time to the President for assent.

Article 91 Clause 4

refuses to assent to a bill under clause (3)(c) of this Article, Parliament may reconsider the bill and if passed, the bill shall be presented to the President for assent;

Article 91 Clause 6 Subclause a

Parliament shall not pass any law to alter the decision or judgment of any court as between the parties to the decision or judgment.

Article 92 prohibits Parliament from passing laws that alter court decisions or judgments between parties.

proceed upon a bill, including an amendment bill, that makes provision for any of the following—

proceed upon a motion, including an amendment to a motion, the effect of which would be to make provision for any of the purposes specified in paragraph (a) of this Article.

Parliament shall not, unless the bill or the motion is introduced on behalf of the Government—

Article 93 restricts Parliament from handling financial matters like taxation or public funds unless proposed by the Government.

Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make rules to regulate its own procedure, including the procedure of its committees.

Parliament may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership.

The presence or the participation of a person not entitled to be present or to participate in the proceedings of Parliament shall not, by itself, invalidate those proceedings.

the Speaker shall determine the order of business in Parliament and shall give priority to Government business;

a member of Parliament has the right to move a private member’s bill;

the member moving the private member’s bill shall be afforded reasonable assistance by the department of Government whose area of operation is affected by the bill; and

the office of the Attorney General shall afford the member moving the private member’s bill professional assistance in the drafting of the bill.

The rules of procedure of Parliament shall include the following provisions—

Article 94 allows Parliament to set its rules of procedure, including the Speaker’s role, private member’s bills, and assistance for MPs.

Where a new Parliament is elected, the President shall, by proclamation, appoint the place and a date not beyond seven days after the expiry of the term of Parliament or of the extended period, as the case may be, for the first sitting of the new Parliament.

A session of Parliament shall be held at such place within Uganda and shall commence at such time as the Speaker may, by proclamation, appoint.

The Speaker may, after consultation with the President, prorogue Parliament by proclamation.

A session of Parliament shall be held at least once a year but the period between one session and the next following session shall be less than twelve months.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, at least one-third of all members of Parliament may, in writing signed by them, request a meeting of Parliament; and the Speaker shall summon Parliament to meet within twenty-one days after receipt of the request.

Article 95 regulates Parliament’s sessions, including the first sitting, annual meetings, and special sessions requested by MPs

Parliament shall stand dissolved upon the expiration of its term as prescribed by Article 77 of this Constitution.

Article 96 states that Parliament is dissolved at the end of its five-year term, as per Article 77.

Article 77

The Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, members of Parliament and any other person participating or assisting in or acting in connection with or reporting the proceedings of Parliament or any of its committees shall be entitled to such immunities and privileges as Parliament shall by law prescribe.

Notwithstanding Article 41 of this Constitution, no member or officer of Parliament and no person employed to take minutes of evidence before Parliament or any committee of Parliament shall give evidence elsewhere in respect of the contents of such minutes of evidence or the contents of any document laid before Parliament or any such committee, as the case may be, or in respect of any proceedings or examination held before Parliament or such committee, without the special leave of Parliament first obtained.

The special leave referred to in clause (2) of this Article may, during a recess or adjournment of Parliament, be given by the Speaker or in the absence or incapacity of the Speaker or during a dissolution of Parliament, by the Clerk to Parliament.

Article 97 grants immunities and privileges to Parliament members and staff, protecting them from legal actions related to their work.

Article 41

Notwithstanding Article 41 of this Constitution, no member or officer of Parliament and no person employed to take minutes of evidence before Parliament or any committee of Parliament shall give evidence elsewhere in respect of the contents of such minutes of evidence or the contents of any document laid before Parliament or any such committee, as the case may be, or in respect of any proceedings or examination held before Parliament or such committee, without the special leave of Parliament first obtained.

Article 97 Clause 2

Under the multi organisations or multiparty form of democracy, there shall be, in Parliament, a Leader of the Opposition.

how he or she is chosen and how he or she ceases to hold that office;

the benefits and privileges attached to his or her office.

Parliament shall, by law, prescribe the following in respect of the Leader of the Opposition—

Article 82A establishes the Leader of the Opposition in a multiparty system and empowers Parliament to regulate the role.

There shall be a commission called the Parliamentary Commission whose composition and functions shall be prescribed by Parliament by law.

Chapter 6 / The legislature

Establishment, composition and functions of Parliament

77. Parliament of Uganda

Establishment, composition and functions of Parliament

78.Composition of Parliament

Establishment, composition and functions of Parliament

79.Functions of Parliament